Disscuss the advantages adn disadvantages of different methods of solid waste disposal Essays

Disscuss the advantages adn disadvantages of different methods of solid waste disposal Essays Disscuss the advantages adn disadvantages of different methods of solid waste disposal Essay Disscuss the advantages adn disadvantages of different methods of solid waste disposal Essay Waste is something that has no value and as a result requires disposal. Sources can include mining, industry and domestic waste and if left untreated or poorly treated can cause pollution, being both hazardous and toxic.Under the 1990 environmental protection act, the underlying principle is that the polluter pays. Industries causing pollution must get a licence for disposal and must have a duty of care. If they cause excessive pollution then the industry in question must pay the costs to remove the pollutants and clean the area back to its former state. They will also have to pay a landfill tax however grants and subsides to develop anti-pollution equipment are in place.There are 4 main methods of solid waste disposal and these include landfill and land raising, incineration and pyrolysis, chemical treatment and encapsulation/vitrification.Land raising is where pre-dug holes in the ground are filled with rubbish. Landfill on the other hand has the bottom of the pit lined with layers of compacted clay or high density plastic, which is a major advantage in reducing leachates. The waste is then compacted by soil to prevent vermin, stop odours and is capped by clay to seal the landfill. The waste is also compacted to stop air pockets and methane build up, and to decrease subsidence. A further advantage is that rainfall is diverted in pipes around the perimeter of the pit so that rainfall does not cause leachates. Also methane is collected as this causes air pollution and the possibility of explosions but can be used as a fuel for heat and power. However large amounts of carbon dioxide and toxic gases are produced and released into the atmosphere. This could be limited by reducing the amount of organic matter in landfill (composting) but at the present time this is not the case.The main limitations of landfill are the outbreaks of fires due to gases building up, subsidence and the smell. Furthermore, the amount of lorries to and from the site causing large volumes of noise, congestion and the burning of fossil fuels and taking up space that could be used for agriculture. Conversely there are possible uses of a landfill after use such as recreational uses like golf courses and areas of wildlife refuge as these will not be heavily used and will not cause subsidence.Ultimately, landfill does provide a cheap way to dispose of large amounts of waste however sites are visually obtrusive and can cause pollution issues if not maintained and managed correctly.Incineration is a waste treatment technology that involves the combustion of organic materials and/or substances. Incineration and other high temperature waste treatment systems are described as thermal treatment. Incineration of waste materials converts the waste into incinerator bottom ash, flue gases, particulates, and heat, which can in turn be used to generate electric power. The flue gases are cleaned for pollutants before they are dispersed in the atmosphere.Advantages of this form of soli d waste disposal include the generation of electricity and heat that can substitute power plants powered by other fuels. Also, the ash produced can be used in the building industry as breeze blocks.In densly populated areas, finding space for additional landfills is becoming increasingly difficult, which therefore avoids the release of methane. By incinerating municipal solid waste, a tonne of carbon dioxide is prevented from being released compared to other solid waste treatments such as landfill.On the other hand, incineration does pose significant disadvantages. The highly toxic fly ash, for example, must be safely disposed of which usually involves additional waste miles and the need for specialist toxic waste landfill elsewhere. Also incinerators emit varying levels of heavy metals such as mercury which can be toxic at very minute levels.Furthermore, the start up cost of incinerators is high, and requires long contract periods to recover initial investment costs, causing a long -term lock-in. Also, some of the flue gases are not fully filtered casuing dioxines and carbon dioxide to be released into the atmosphere.All types of waste treatment will have their strengths and weaknesses, however often local communities are opposed to the idea of locating waste disposal systems in their vicinity not in my back yard. But to be sustainable and to reduce pollution, ultimately we should aim to reduce waste, be it by improving waste loops, recycling schemes or awareness to the problems of waste. The waste hierarchy; prevention, waste minimisation, reuse and recycling should always come before treatment of waste in any of its guises.

Problem solving questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Problem solving questions - Essay Example It includes also an incorporated limited partnership. Once a partnership is formed, every partner becomes the agent of the firm and other partners in relation to the business of the firm. Thus, every act of partner for the purpose of business except in the case of incorporated limited partnership shall bind the firm and other partners provided the partner acts within his authority to act for the firm in specific cases and the person whom the partner is dealing with believes him to be the partner having authority. In other words, if the person dealt with by the partner knows that the partner has no authority, his acts cannot bind the firm nor other partners. The same holds good in respect of a general partner vis-a-vis the firm and other general partners. Section 13 (1) of the Act lays down that all partners except in the case of an incorporated limited partnership are liable jointly and severally for the liabilities of the firm that have risen whilst being partners. S 13 (2) if the p artner who is an individual dies, his/her estate is severally liable for the liabilities of the firm after satisfaction of his/her separate debts. Same holds good in case of incorporated limited partnership for a deceased general partner. The general partner of an incorporated limited partnership is liable only in respect of unsatisfied liabilities of the firm or more as per the partnership agreement. ... As the partnership business is in common, the partners should disclose material facts that affect their partnership failing which it would amount to misrepresentation on the part of those who fail to do so. Further, a retiring partner can by a condition of restraint of trade be prohibited to start a competing business within the locality for a pre-determined period. Further, a partnership contract cannot be assigned (Gilles, 1988). Application In view of the above important provisions governing partnership business, Jody whose capital will be at stake must have the partnership agreement reduced to writing. And Jody must be entitled to a proportionately higher share of profit and reserve to herself the right to take important decisions in day to day management. This does not mean the other partners are not liable to loss that may occur due to Jody’s decision making. Conclusion Jody can enter into partnership with Mike and Sarah keeping in view of the limited capital or no capit al Mike and Sara may bring in and also have an agreement in restraint of trade on the retiring partners including Jody herself. Consequences The proposal to enter into partnership agreement among Jody, Mike and Sarah will be viable subject to the above conditions therein. 2. Tort- negligent misstatement Issues: Whether Amy can sue Betty for her wrong advice tendered to Amy as a result of negligent misstatement? Law and cases: In order to prove negligence on the part of defendant, claimant should satisfy three conditions. That defendant had a duty of care to the claimant; this was breached by the defendant; that the damage caused by the breach of duty was

Analyzing Crime Trends Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Analyzing Crime Trends - Essay Example Lastly, the overall crime rate in Kent, Washington was 606.9 in 2005, and it systematically reduced to 518.8 in 2008 (Kent City Police Department n.p). It is evident from the data above that Rochester City, New York had the highest number of crime rate and Santa Clarita, California had the least number of crime rate. Additionally, there was a general reduction in crime rates for all the five cities. One of the key reasons for the reduction, in crime rates in these five cities, is the implementation of a more decentralized community policing strategy that is characterized by openness to try out new techniques of protecting the cities and statistical analysis (Boba-Santos 87). Additionally, most States have ensured that majority of hard core criminals and offenders have been prosecuted and placed in jail. Incarceration has ensured that majority of crime offenders have been placed out of streets thus the reduction in crime rate (Boba-Santos 91). Demographics have also contributed in reducing crime rates in these cities. Statistics indicates that young people commit criminal offense more than the elderly (Clark 67). Therefore, the State governments have created a number of social activities that target youths thus keeping them busy. This has also reduced crime rate drastically. Local policy in these cities has also improved surveillance (Siegel 104). Cameras are everywhere in the streets thus making it difficult to commit a crime (Clark 73). In summary, crime rates have reduced in the United States, and this is evident in the data provided for the five cities. This is particularly attributed to a the change of local policy in different cities and

Mission, Vision, and Goals Essay Example for Free

Mission, Vision, and Goals Essay My mission in life is to be happy with the way my life turned out. Yes, I would love to have a lot of money and to be known, but whats the point of having all of that when Im not happy that I have it? Most people mistake being grateful for happiness. Wrong! Many of the rich and famous are grateful for what they have, but not all are happy with it. No matter how my life turns out, I just want to be happy. Whether I am a homeless woman living in a shelter, or a successful entrepreneur living in a million dollar home, I just want to be happy!! Five-ten years from now, I see myself working on my clothing line and generating a good amount of sales. I see myself getting talked about in some of the hottest fashion magazines saying that I am one of the hottest successful plus size fashion designers around. During this time I hope to have a high rolling website for my line, and that I have a huge amount of customers that buy my items. I would also love to have at least one- two fashion boutiques fully designed and fully staffed. Being a fashion designer is my main career goal. I do not see myself being anything but a designer. Fifteen-twenty years from now, I see myself being in runway shows showing off all of my fabulous designs. I see luxurious clothing stores all across the map with my brand name a logo on the front. My stores will be fabulous and glamorous like Gucci, Guess, Coach, and Juicy Couture. My clothing will be very elegant and formal. Celebrities, both small and plus size will be flaunting my designs to the Grammys, Oscars, VMAs, and more. My name will be everywhere. I have a dream to be compared to other famous designer brands like Prada, Dior, Christian Louboutin, Vera Wang, Fendi and more! I want celebreties to specifically request me and my company to design an exclusive garment for a special occasion such as a wedding. Today, I am studying business management at Johnson and Wales University. My financial aid has recently put me in a position where unfortunately, I will most likely not be attending school next year. Instead, I will be working and saving money, so that I can go to a fashion school and get a fashion degree. While I am working during the summer, I play to buy a sewing machine, and teach myself how to sew clothes. I have been looking to buy a mannequin dress form, but unfortunately they range from $95 to nearly $500, so I have decided to make my own. I will be doing a small project where I will make my own mannequin dress form of my best friends body. My plan to help me get a better understanding of the fashion world, is to be an intern at a fashion company. I hope to land my first job as a fashion assistant, either before I go to fashion school (if Im lucky) or after I receive my degree. Fashion is a huge part of my life, and no matter what obstacles come in my way like not being able to attend school next year, I will make my dreams of becoming a fashion designer come true!

Young Goodman Brown Looses Faith in The Woods Essay -- Young Goodman B

Young Goodman Brown Looses Faith in The Woods    In the story "Young Goodman Brown," written by Nathaniel Hawthorne, the author introduces evil images to tempt and delude Young Goodman Brown as he made his way through the woods. Goodman Brown, by the end of his journey, understands there is an evil side to human nature and believes that man is doomed by "original sin."    The main character, Goodman Brown is introduced as a well-mannered man who is happily married to Faith. Initially, the language such as "sunset" and "pink ribbons" symbolizes light and a positive environment in Salem Village, where the story takes place. Then, as Goodman Brown journeys through the woods, changes in the environment make him change the way in which he sees the world and people around him.    From the time he decides to go to the woods at night, this peaceful panorama presented in his hometown changes. Evil images like "devil, lonely thick boughs, "1 add an obscure and negative side to the story. He had taken a dreary road, darkened by all the gloomiest trees of the forest, which barely stood aside to let the narrow path creep through and closed immediately behind (p. 62).    This example reflects the change in environment for Goodman Brown after he left the positive world of the village. He felt he was passing through an unseen multitude since he could not know if there was someone concealed by the trees. This situation makes him question: "What if the devil himself should be at my very elbow" (p. 62). Goodman Brown, who wasn't aware of the existence of an evil side to the world, is being introduced to it through the natural objects in the woods, which provided a warning sign of the evil to come.    S... ...ream" (p. 70). Now the natural world and even his wife and fellow Puritans reveal a concept of evil to him. This makes him lose his faith in his religion and his own people. "My faith is gone! ... There is no god on earth; and sin is but a name. Come devil; for to thee is this world given" (p. 67). Whenever the minister talked about the sacred truths of religion, with the bible in his hands: "...then did Goodman Brown turn pale, dreading lest the roof should thunder down upon the gray blasphemer and his hearers" (p.70). His new attitude towards life in the village is a measure of his acceptance of the idea that man is doomed by "original sin."   Work Cited Nathaniel Hawthorne, "Young Goodman Brown," in Literature: Reading and Writing the Human Experience, eds. Richard Abcarian, Marvin Klotz, Peter Richardson, 7th ed. (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1998), p.62.

Responsible Accounting Essay

1. Identify at least two behavioral that could arise There are two potential behavior advantages if manager accepts and participate in the responsibility accounting system and participatory budgeting system. Responsibility accounting is used to measure the performance of people and department to foster goal congruence whereas, participatory budgeting system is a budgeting process under which those people impacted by a budget are actively involved in the budget creation process. When BSC’S manager is likely to accept the system and be motivated to attain the budget target, they were actively involved in setting the goals and know what is expected of them. It would be motivate them to plan ahead and promote goal congruence. Besides that, manager would be pleased to be responsible only for those items they can control because they have certain objective to be achieved. Furthermore, communication and group cohesiveness would be improved because managers would feel part of a team due to participate in both planning and implementation system that are to be adopted 2. Identify at least two potential problems that could arise Responsible Accounting System In BSC responsible accounting system, the two potential problems that might be arise if the manager did not accept the changes in the philosophy. First they will be a problem if they could not resent in being measured on an individual basis rather than the new system. They may have responsible for costs over which they have no control on it. So the manager must understand the new responsibilities in new culture of management and how they must operates and gives cooperation on it. If the manager did not accept the changes, they might face with the high focus on their own departments goal and this will contribute to the lack of communication between departments and to the company performance. Participating Budgeting System Participating budgeting system encouraged the manager to be more motivated in doing their jobs and take responsibility to achieve the organization goals. This will encourage creativity and also ideas to the organization  community to work as a team and giving cooperation to each other. However, overemphasis on department goals can hurt cross departmental employee relation due to the different motivation and also goals. 3. Discuss the likelihood that the system will contribute to the alignment of organizational and personal goals. Responsibility Accounting System. This system is used to measure the performance of people and departments to foster goal congruence. It means that the employees and organization are achieving and have same goals and objective. Therefore, if the company adopting this system it will help to ensure that the organizational and personal goals are aligned and help to achieve company’s objective. Since Commercial Maintenance, Inc. took the time to fully explain and communicate the system to BSC’s managers, by pointing out the advantages and encouraging their participation, organizational and personal goals will likely become aligned. Hence, it will increase the management performance as well as the company reputations. Participatory Budgeting System. Participatory budgeting is a process of democratic and decision making, and a type of participatory democracy, in which managers or employees decide how to allocate the organization budget. Participatory budgeting allows both organization and employees to identify, discuss and gives them the power to make real decisions about how money is spent. If the company implementing this system it will give benefit equally to the organization and employees because the managers and employees will involve in setting up the organization budget. They will know and understand more what the company wants and needs. Therefore, this system also will contribute to the alignment of organizational and personal goals and give lots of benefit to BSC.

The Expulsion of Freedom - 1408 Words

According to Jean Jacques Rousseau, human beings are bestowed with the blessings of freedom during their individual genesis on this fruitful planet, but this natural freedom is immensely circumscribed as it’s exchanged for the civil liberties of the State. He indicated that the supplanting of natural freedom is necessary for the obtainment of greater power for the greater collective community, but the prospect of obtaining superlative capabilities comes with the price of constraints. Yet this notion of natural freedom conflicts with Thomas Hobbes rendition on the state of nature because he illustrates that nature, interface through savagery. According to Hobbes, mankind has endorsed and embraced natures temperament, because this system of†¦show more content†¦The illusion of a free society with unbiased laws created by the collective and ratified by the legislator, enables the society to have a sense of morality and perform a ceremonial civic duty to uphold the laws t hey finance with commitment. Rousseau states in the opening page that, â€Å"Man is born free, but everywhere he is in chains. One thinks himself the master of others, and still remains a greater slave than they.† These chains that Rousseau refer to are the constraints that are strategically placed on the freedom of the residents of the state. Since laws consult the public interest of the people collectively and suppress the private interest of the individual, they are essentially chains on the minds and souls of mankind, because people are used as vessels by the state to fulfill its agenda, under the guise and illusion of individual power to implement change in the collective. The author of Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes eloquently emphasizes that the state of nature is, in its rawest essence, chaotic and savage. In Chapter thirteen of his work Leviathan, he depreciates man’s role in the state of nature by saying, â€Å"the life of man, solitary, poore , nasty, brutish and short†(pg. 186). From his perspective, due to the fact that humans dwell in this catatonic state of destitution, humans naturally yearn for peace. 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